Phenolics Isolated from Aframomum meleguta Enhance Proliferation and Ossification Markers in Bone Cells.

Ashraf Abdel-Naim,Masao Hattori,Ali El-Halawany,Ahmed Al-Abd,Fahad Al-Abbasi,Hossam Abdallah,Abdullah Alghamdi,Mardi Algandaby

doi:10.3390/molecules22091467

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a serious health problem characterized by decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Current antiosteoporotic agents exhibit a wide range of adverse effects; meanwhile, phytochemicals are effective and safer alternatives. In the current work, nine compounds belonging to hydroxyphenylalkane and diarylheptanoid groups were isolated from Aframomum meleguea seeds and identified as 6-gingerol (1), 6-paradol (2), 8-dehydrogingerdione (3), 8-gingerol (4), dihydro-6-paradol (5), dihydrogingerenone A (6), dihydrogingerenone C (7), 1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diyl diacetate (8), and 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diyl diacetate (9). The structures of isolated compounds were established by NMR and mass spectral data, in addition to referring to literature data. Exposure of MCF-7, MG-63, and SAOS-2 cells to subcytotoxic concentrations of the compounds under investigation resulted in accelerated proliferation. Among them, paradol was selected for further detailed biochemical analysis in SAOS-2 cells. DNA flowcytometric analysis of cell cycle distribution revealed that paradol did not induce any significant change in the proliferation index of SAOS-2 cells. Assessment of osteogenic gene expression revealed that paradol enhanced the expression of osteocyte and osteoblast-related genes and inhibited osteoclast and RUNX suppressor genes. Biochemically, paradol enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and vitamin D content and decreased the osteoporotic marker acid phosphatase. In conclusion, paradol, which is a major constituents of A. melegueta seeds, exhibited potent proliferative and ossification characteristics in bone cells.

Highlights

Osteoporosis is a serious health problem that affects more than 200 million people worldwide [1].Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture
Current antiosteoporotic agents health are not problem devoid of adverse effects, which range from gastrointestinal burden
Current antiosteoporotic agents are not devoid of adverse effects, which range from irritation to carcinogenesis [7,29]

Summary

Introduction

Osteoporosis is a serious health problem that affects more than 200 million people worldwide [1]. Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture. It affects postmenopausal women, leading to a significant loss of bone mineralized mass and leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture [2]. The disease is sometimes described as a “silent disease”, as it is usually asymptomatic until a fracture ensues [3]. It causes significant morbidity, mortality, and a socioeconomic burden. Post-menopausal women are at a high risk, especially with the adoption of the Western sedentary lifestyle [5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion