Abstract
Salvia plebeia R. Br. is a medicinal herb that contains important active compounds such as flavonoid and phenolic acid which are responsible for remarkable biological properties. The phenolic composition of S. plebeia was quantitatively investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with photodiode array detection and quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. A total of 16 flavonoids were classified into 10 flavones and 6 flavanones based on UV-spectra and ion fragmentation patterns. Individual flavonoids, including apigenin, luteolin, hispidulin, nepetin, and some flavanones, were glycosylated with glucose at the 5- or 7-position of flavonoid structure. The three major flavones were determined to be 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glucoside [2,452.7 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)], hispidulin 7-O-glucoside (2,281.0 mg/100 g DW) and nepetin 7-O-glucoside (2,002.6 mg/100 g DW). The six flavanones containing the hydroxyl and methoxy groups were determined and, among them, 5,7,3′,4′- tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone 7-O-glucoside have the highest level (938.3 mg/100 g DW). Two hydroxyl flavanone glycosides, 5,6,7,3′,4′- pentahydroxyflavanone 7-O-glucoside and 5,6,7,4′- tetrahydroxyflavanone 7-O-glucoside, were presumed to be newly identified compounds, on the basis of the library data from S. plebeia. In addition, higher concentration of rosmarinic acid was also identified.Graphical abstract
Highlights
Herbs are rich sources of flavonoids and are used as natural spices and traditional medicine ingredients [1]
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside is reported for the first time from S. plebeia
We further proposed a common name for these flavanones as 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone 7-O-glucoside, 5,6,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavanone 7-O-glucoside, 1 3
Summary
Herbs are rich sources of flavonoids and are used as natural spices and traditional medicine ingredients [1]. Salvia is a medicinally important genus under the family Lamiaceae that contains interesting health-promoting phytochemicals, notably polyphenolic compounds. Br.) is a medicinally important species under the genus Salvia that is widely distributed throughout Korea, China, and India. This plant is used in Asian traditional medicines for the treatment of several illnesses because of its antimicrobial, diuretic, antiblastic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antidynous activities [3, 4]. S. plebeia has been selected as a natural drug candidate among various Chinese traditional herbs owing to its strong antioxidant properties [5, 6]
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