Abstract
A rapid micropropagation protocol was designed to produce Calamintha sylvatica plantlets by using nodal segments as explants for the shoot formation. 6-BA favored the highest shoot formation and biomass yield, whilst kinetin was found superior for the highest shoot length (38.97 ± 2.85 mm) and node numbers (2.89 ± 0.63). Rosmarinic acid was detected as major phenolic acid, ranging from 7.59 mg/100 g to 81.44 mg/100 g. Hexane extracts from natural and in vitro propagated plantlets showed activity only against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with MIC values at 6.25 and 3.33 m/mL, respectively while in the latter case, extracts from natural plantlets exerted higher cytotoxic activity than those of micropropagated ones (IC50 values were 83 µg/mL and 98 µg/mL on HeLa cells, respectively). C. sylvatica showed high micropropagation performance and produced remarkable amount of rosmarinic acid in vitro as well as antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect.
 
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 In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Highlights
Calamintha sylvatica, commonly known as calamint, is an herbaceous cosmopolitan plant of the Lamiaceae family
Statistical analysis showed significant differences between half strength (HS) and full strength (FS) of MS and B5 media in terms of the germinating seed number (P < 0.05), the highest shoot length was obtained from cytokinin free medium of B5 (Fig. 1)
Shoot proliferation In terms of shoot proliferation, MS medium containing 2.0 mg l-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg l-1, IBA was found to be more effective than all plant growth regulators (PGRs) tested regarding the number of shoots and biomass, whereas 2.0 mg l-1 KIN combined with 0.1 mg l-1 IBA was more effective than 6-BA, TDZ and 2iP when shoot length and node numbers per explant were taken into account
Summary
Calamintha sylvatica, commonly known as calamint, is an herbaceous cosmopolitan plant of the Lamiaceae family. This study was planned to determine an influential procedure for the micropropagation of the seedlings of C. sylvatica from nodal segments and analyze their phenolics contents, rosmarinic acid, and evaluate their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities with the extracts of natural and micropropagated plantlets. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between HS and FS of MS and B5 media in terms of the germinating seed number (P < 0.05), the highest shoot length was obtained from cytokinin free medium of B5 (Fig. 1).
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