Abstract
Ehretia tinifolia Linnaeus (Boraginacea) and Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michaux (Sapotaceae) are wild fruits consumed in North America and are appreciated for their pleasant flavor and sweet taste. However, details regarding their composition and biological properties in the available literature are scarce. This study reports the phenolic composition, antioxidant, antiproliferative activities, and digestive enzymatic inhibition of amberlite-retained methanolic extracts from both fruits. Results revealed that these wild fruit extracts are rich in antioxidants. S. lanuginosum had lower phenolic but higher flavonoid contents (21.4 ± 1.5 mg GAE/100 g FW and 6.42 ± 0.9 mg CE/100 g FW) than E. tinifolia (64.7 ± 2.6 mg GAE/100 g FW and 5.1 ± 0.4 mg CE/100 g FW). HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis showed rosmarinic acid as a major polyphenol in E. tinifolia and quercetin glucoside in S. lanuginosum. Polyphenols content in E. tinifolia was related to a significant free radical scavenging ability: DPPH (EC50 = 0.32 ± 0.03 mg/mL), TEAC (4134 ± 9.7 μM TE/g dry extract), and hemolysis inhibition (IC50 = 58.55 ± 2.4 μg/mL). Both extracts were capable of inhibiting α-glucosidase, partially inhibiting α-amylase, and showed no inhibition against lipase, while showing antiproliferative activity against HeLa, HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Our study revealed that these wild fruit extracts are rich in health-beneficial phytochemicals and hold significant potential for elaborating functional foods.
Highlights
The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was higher for E. tinifolia (64.7.4 ± 2.6 mg GAE/100 g F.W.) compared with S
The TPC on E. tinifolia is comparable with wild fruits as Eulychnia acida Phil. (80.6 ± 2.2 mg GAE/100 g F.W.) [36], Garcinia atrovidiris (68.45 ± 0.9 mg GAE/100g F.W.) and Durio zibenthinus (64.57 ± 3.43 mg GAE/100g F.W.) [37]
E. tinifolia showed the best effect in antioxidant/antiradical activity both in vitro (EC50 = 0.32 ± 0.03 mg/mL; 4134 ± 9.7 μM TE/g dry extract), ex vivo assay
Summary
Wild plants have an important role in indigenous peoples’ lives [4] as they supplement staple foods to provide a balanced diet to many populations in several regions across Mexico, mainly in the states of Michoacán, Nayarit, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz. It has been used in the southeastern USA, mostly used by the Kiowa and Comanche tribes [5]. Expanding the chemical/biological knowledge of these species would add value to the possible production and commercialization of nutraceuticals or functional foods
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