Phenolic Profile of Nipa Palm Vinegar and Evaluation of Its Antilipidemic Activities.

Moragot Chatatikun,Wiyada Kwanhian

doi:10.1155/2020/6769726

Abstract

Obesity and overweight are strongly associated with dyslipidemia which can promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, natural products have been suggested as alternative compounds for antioxidant and antilipidemic activity. The objective of this study was to determine the phenolic compounds and assess the inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, and cholesterol micellization of nipa palm vinegar (NPV). Total phenolic content was assessed and phenolic compounds were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. Pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities of the NPV were measured using enzymatic colorimetric assays. The formation of cholesterol micelles was assessed using a cholesterol assay kit. The phenolic content of NPV was 167.10 ± 10.15 µg GAE/mL, and LC-MS analyses indicated the presence of gallic acid, isoquercetin, quercetin, catechin, and rutin as bioactive compounds. Additionally, the NPV inhibited pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the NPV also suppressed the formation of cholesterol micellization. These results suggest that phenolic compounds, especially gallic acid, isoquercetin, quercetin, catechin, and rutin, from NPV may be the main active compounds with possible cholesterol-lowering effects through inhibition of pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase activities as well as the inhibition of solubility of cholesterol micelles. Therefore, NPV may delay postprandial dyslipidemia, and it could be used as a natural source of bioactive compounds with antilipidemic activity. However, NPV should be extensively evaluated by animal and clinical human studies.

Highlights

Lipid metabolism disorders are commonly found in people who are obese. e prevalence of obesity and overweight has dramatically increased in developed and developing countries due to the increased consumption of high-fat diets and the daily intake of alcohol [1]
Dyslipidemia is a group of metabolic disorders and a noncommunicable disease manifested by elevation of serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration
Determination of Total Phenolic Content. e amount of total phenolics in nipa palm vinegar (NPV) was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. e value was determined as μg gallic acid equivalent per ml of NPV. e phenolic content of NPV was determined to be 167.10 ± 10.15 μg GAE/mL

Summary

Introduction

Lipid metabolism disorders are commonly found in people who are obese. e prevalence of obesity and overweight has dramatically increased in developed and developing countries due to the increased consumption of high-fat diets and the daily intake of alcohol [1]. Dyslipidemia is a group of metabolic disorders and a noncommunicable disease manifested by elevation of serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration. It is one of the major risk factors associated with atherosclerosis which leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality [3]. Orlistat is a weight loss agent which inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipases in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract delaying absorption of dietary fat that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of obesity. E major side effects, which occur at an early stage of treatment with orlistat, are mainly gastrointestinal [4]. Simvastatin is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor which is commonly used to decrease blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. e major adverse effects of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine statins are myositis, myalgia [5], rhabdomyolysis [6], and hepatic disorders [7]

Methods

Results

Conclusion