Abstract
<i>M. charantia</i> is an important medicinal plant belongs to family <i>cucurbitaceae</i>. It originates from India, Malasiya and is widely spread all over tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. This research work has been designed to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and toxicological potential of <i>M. charantia. </i>The antifungal and antioxidant components of<i> M. charantia</i> leaves, seeds and peels were extracted by using four solvent systems (80% methanol, 80% ethanol, 100% methanol and 100% ethanol) andleaves presented maximum extract yield (22.7 g/100g DW) in 80% methanolic solvent system. Phytochemical analysis of <i>M. Charantia </i>leaves, seeds and peels extracts performed in terms of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, showed that 80% methanolic leaves extract offered highest total phenolic contents (47.1 mg GAE/g DW), whereas80% ethanolic leaves gave maximum total flavonoid contents (67.3 mg CE/g DW). The phenolic contents were also analysed by HPLC. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity and measure of reducing power. Results revealed that 80% methanolic leaves extract showed highest radical scavenging activity and reducing potential. Antimicrobial activity of <i>M. charantia </i>leaves, seeds and peels was investigated by Disc Diffusion Method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Results showed that 80% methanolic extract of leaves exhibited highest antibacterial and antifungal potential against <i>P. multocida</i> (30 mm DIZ) and <i>A. paraciticus</i> (28 mm DIZ), respectively. Cytotoxicity analysis was performed on BHK-21 cell by adopting the MTT assay. The cytotoxicity activity of the 80% methanolic extract of leaves was evaluated by noticing the cell survival percentage (53.4%). Overall results of the present study showed that 80% methanolic leaves extracts of<i> M. charantia</i> possesses very good antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties.
Highlights
Momordica charantia commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd is tropical or subtropical climber of the family of cucurbitaceae [1, 5]
Antimicrobial potential of plants extracts were determined by using the disc diffusion and microdilution broth assays [22, 25]
Charantia was tested against fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus paraciticus, Fusariumoryzae, Fusariumtritichum, Aspergillus oryzae) and bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pasturellamultocida and Staphylococcus aureus) by previously adopted method (NCCLS, 2004) with little modifications
Summary
Momordica charantia commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd is tropical or subtropical climber of the family of cucurbitaceae [1, 5]. It is mostly available in China, Malaysia, India and tropical Africa. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, taste is very bitter, as it contains a bitter compound called momordicin that is believed to have a stomachic effect [15, 19]. Previous investigations have shown that the fruits and leaves of M. charantia had rich phenolics and exhibited a high antioxidant activity. P-insulin (the pure protein) of M. charantia fruits plant part is tested as in crystalline form [34]
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