Abstract
Every year, large quantities of stems and pits are generated during sweet cherry processing, without any substantial use. Although stems are widely recognized by traditional medicine, detailed and feasible information about their bioactive composition or biological value is still scarce, as well as the characterization of kernels. Therefore, we conducted a study in which bioactivity potential of extracts from stems and kernels of four sweet cherry cultivars (Early Bigi (grown under net cover (C) and without net cover (NC)), Burlat, Lapins, and Van) were examined. The assays included antioxidant (by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assays), and antibacterial activities against important Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial human isolates. Profile and individual phenolic composition of each extract were determined by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Extracts from stems of cv. Lapins and kernels of Early Bigi NC presented high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols and saponins. Excepting for cv. Early Bigi NC, major phenolic compounds identified in stems and kernels were sakuranetin and catechin, respectively. In cv. Early Bigi NC the most abundant compounds were ellagic acid for stems and protocatechuic acid for kernels. In all extracts, antioxidant activities showed a positive correlation with the increments in phenolic compounds. Antimicrobial activity assays showed that only stem’s extracts were capable of inhibiting the growth of Gram positive isolates. This new data is intended to provide new possibilities of valorization of these by-products and their valuable properties.
Highlights
Sweet cherry is one of the fresh fruits most appreciated by consumers in the temperate areas of Europe [1,2], due to its organoleptic characteristics, such as color, brightness, flavor, aroma and texture, and for consumers’ awareness of its benefits for human health [3,4,5]
A standard curve with gallic acid at different concentrations was performed and total phenolics results were expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW) as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three replicates
Absorbance values were measured at 734 nm, with ABTS radical scavenging activity expressed from a linear calibration curve of Trolox as μg Trolox equivalent/g DW as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three replicates
Summary
Sweet cherry is one of the fresh fruits most appreciated by consumers in the temperate areas of Europe [1,2], due to its organoleptic characteristics, such as color, brightness, flavor, aroma and texture, and for consumers’ awareness of its benefits for human health [3,4,5]. Rich in vitamins and minerals, cherries contains different phytochemicals that are closely related to its antioxidant power [3]. This fruit has been recognized as having beneficial medicinal properties such as anticancer, dietary, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, due to its content of antioxidant compounds [3,5]. Sweet cherry is mainly commercAinatlioixzideadntsa2s020f,r9e,s1h295fruit, a considerable quantity is used after processing as jam, j2eolfly or juice that generates large amounts of by-products, namely stems and pits [7]. As fresh fruit, a considerable quantity is used after processing as jam, jelly or juice that generates. Althloaruggehamcohuenrtrsyosf tbeym-psroadruectks,nnoawmnelybsytetmras danitdiopnitasl[7m].eTdhiecrienies naondsubwstiadnetliayl uusseeodf tihnisinwfaussteio, ns and decoctionwsh, idchueintcoretahseeierncvliaroimnmeednstaeldaantdivme,adnaiugermeteinc,tsacnodstas neatic-hinyfelaarmtomdaetaolrwy ipthrothpeeretxiceesss[9o]f, stuhcehir study, as well arsestihdAeuelctsh.hoTauhrgeahrcetcfeohrreierz,raaytsisootlenumtiosofnarpteoiktasnc,hoicweovnmebvmyaltoorarnidzlyiattiiouonnsaeoldfmthfeoderiecxitncheeesarsanopdf etwhuiistdimeclaypteuilrslieaodlwisisnu,irnogfenunlstyio[8rn]es. caenndtly have received daetctoecntitoionns,.dVueatroiothuesirhcyladimroedxysecdinantivaem, diciuarectiidc,sa,nsduacnhti-ainsflρam-cmumatoarryicp,rofepreurtliiecs,[9c]a, ftfheeiicr,stcuhdlyo,rogenic and neocahslworeollgaesntihce achcaidrasc,tewriezarteiornepofoprittesd, coinmmstoenmlysuosefdPf.oravthiuermap[e9u,t1ic0]p,ilalonwds,imonplyorretcaennttlyanhtahvoecyanins were fournecdeivined katetrennteiolsn.[V1a1r]i,ouws hhyodsreoxoyiclininsamriicchaciidns,lsiupcohpahsiρli-ccumcoamricp, foeurunlidc,sc,affsueicch, chalosrotogecnoipc ahnedrols and carotenoindesoch[1lo2r]og(eFniigcuacrieds, w).erIenretphoirstedcoinnstteexmts, otfhPe. avoibumjec[9t,i1v0e], aonfd timhepocrtuarnrteanntthowcyoarnkinisswteore feovuanlduate the biologica(ilnFikpgeuorrtneeen1ls)t.i[a1I1nl ],tohwfishsocuosencthoeixl tli,estsrhsicehouibsnjeelcdiptiovrpeehsoiifldicthuceeosmcu, prproeurnontdvwsi,dosriukncgihs ataos tedovceaotlpuahailteeerdotlhsesatbnuidodlcyoagriooctanelnpotohidteesni[rt1i2ac]lhemical compositoiof snu,cahnlteisosxuisdeadnrte,saidnudesa, nptriomviidcirnogbaiadleatacitlievditsiteusd.y on their chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
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