Phenolic fingerprint, proximate analysis and nutraceutical effects of Garcinia talbotii, an under-utilized functional food endemic to Western Ghats

Abstract

Garcinia talbotii is an evergreen tree whose wild edible fruits are used in culinary preparations and folk medicine. Garcinia talbotii fruits were subjected to proximate analysis and the Garcinia talbotii fruit extract (GFE) was subjected to phenolic profiling, antioxidative effects on HEK-293 cells and antiproliferative effects on Pancreatic Cancer (PC) cells. The fruit showed higher amounts of Vitamin C (188.51 ± 20.38 mg/100 g) with macro and micronutrients. HR-LCMS analysis revealed Chlorogenic acid, Catechin and Protocatechuic acid in higher concentrations. GFE exhibited significant antioxidant effects on HEK-293 cells under H2O2 induced oxidative stress (IC50: 10.5 ± 0.08 μg/ml). Antiproliferative effects of GFE studied against PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation and clonogenicity. GFE treatment on PC cells enhanced ROS, triggered mitochondrial depolarization, apoptosis via DNA damage; expression of proteins in DNA Damage Response (DDR) pathway was studied by immunoblotting. To conclude nutrients and bioactive compounds present in GFE contributed to nutraceutical potential of fruit. The study on Garcinia talbotii fruit extract highlights its exceptional nutraceutical value and potent anticancer properties against pancreatic cancer cells through ROS-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Further exploration of its bioactive compounds holds promise for novel cancer treatments.