Abstract
Under oxidative stress conditions, endogenous antioxidant defenses are unable to completely inactivate the free radicals generated by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This state causes serious cell damage leading to a variety of human diseases. Natural antioxidants can protect cells against oxidative stress. Hypaodaphnis zenkeri (H. zenkiri) is a plant consumed as a spice in the Cameroonian diet, and its bark has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The present study aims at investigating the antioxidant activity, which includes free radical scavenging and protective properties of an extract from H. Zenkiri against oxidative damage on a liver homogenate. The free radical assays determined the scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), nitrite oxide (NO) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals and the enzymes, whose protection was to be considered in the liver homogenate, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. The antioxidative activities were studied using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reductive activity, and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant power (PAP) methods. In addition, the phenolic contents of the extracts were examined. The results showed that these extracts demonstrated significant scavenging properties and antioxidant activities, with the hydro-ethanolic extract of the bark of H. zenkeri (EEH) being the most potent. This extract had the highest total polyphenol (21.77 ± 0.05 mg caffeic acid (CAE)/g dried extract (DE)) and flavonoids (3.34 ± 0.13 mg quercetin (QE)/g dried extract) content. The same extract had significantly greater protective effects on enzyme activities compared to other extracts. The high performance liquied chromatography (HPLC) profile showed higher levels of caffeic acid, OH-tyrosol acid, and rutin in the leaves compared to the bark of H. zenkeri. In conclusion, the ethanolic and hydro-ethanolic extracts of the bark and leaves from H. zenkeri showed an antioxidant and protective potential against oxidative damage.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of normal metabolism
A negative effect is that, in high concentrations, they lead to oxidative stress. This is described as a condition in which cellular antioxidant defenses are inadequate to completely inactivate the free radicals generated by an excessive production of ROS, loss of antioxidant defenses, or both [2]
The present study aims at determining the phenolic profile of H. zenkiri by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), investigating the free radical scavenging potential on various free radicals, providing further information on its antioxidant potential and studying its protective effect against oxidative mediated free radical damage on a liver homogenate
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of normal metabolism They are produced in cells as a response to several factors, including oxidative and thermal stresses, ultraviolet light, chemical agents, and ionizing radiation. These species are known to play a dual role in biological systems, since they can be either harmful or beneficial to living systems [1]. A negative effect is that, in high concentrations, they lead to oxidative stress This is described as a condition in which cellular antioxidant defenses are inadequate to completely inactivate the free radicals generated by an excessive production of ROS, loss of antioxidant defenses, or both [2]
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