Abstract
Thymus leptobotrys is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, endemic in Morocco, and used in traditional medicine. The present work aims to study the phenolic compounds, the antioxidant activity, the anti-inflammatory effect, and the toxicity of two ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Thymus leptobotrys aerial part. The yield of the methanolic extraction (22.2%) is higher than that of the ethanolic extraction (15.8%) and is characterized by higher contents of polyphenols 243.08 mg/g GAE (mg/g of gallic acid), flavonoids 179.28 mg/g RE (mg/g of rutin), and tannins 39.31 mg/g CE (mg/g of catechin). The in vitro measurement of antioxidant activity with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical reduction test and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) test demonstrates the higher performance of the methanolic extract. The evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect in vivo on adult Wistar female rats leads to a very significant decrease in the inflammation of the edema compared to the standard drug (indomethacin) and the control group. The toxicity test reveals that both extracts showed no toxicity within an LD50 above 2000 mg/kg body weight of the rats.
Highlights
Oxidative stress causes significant damage that accelerates cellular aging. is aging process leads to serious pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, inflammation, digestive diseases, and metabolic syndrome [1,2,3]
0.5 mL of the extract is mixed with 2.5 mL of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent diluted 1/10 with distilled water. en, 4 mL of 7.5% Na2CO3 (w/v) is added, followed immediately by incubation for 30 min at 45°C. e spectrophotometric reading at 760 nm is taken against a blank. e calibration curve is performed with gallic acid at concentrations between 2.5 and 250 μg/mL. e total content of phenols is expressed in mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of extract
After 6 min, 0.5 mL 1M sodium hydroxide is added. e mixture is diluted with 0.275 mL of distilled water. e final mixture is incubated for 30 minutes in the dark at room temperature, and the absorbance is measured at 510 nm. e flavonoid content is expressed in mg of rutin equivalent (RE) per gram of extract
Summary
Oxidative stress causes significant damage that accelerates cellular aging. is aging process leads to serious pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, inflammation, digestive diseases, and metabolic syndrome [1,2,3]. E search for natural antioxidants, mainly carotenoids, polyphenols (flavonoids and phenols acids), and vitamins (mainly vitamins C and E) [7] derived from plant materials, is growing rapidly and is based on the characterization of endemic plants. These natural antioxidants, polyphenols, show evidence of a broad variety of biological effects, such as antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, antiarthritic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects [8, 9]. Its objective is to study the phenolic compounds, the antioxidant activity, the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect, and the acute toxicity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of ymus leptobotrys
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