Abstract
Background. The plants brought by Arabs were of real therapeutic values. Ibn Al-Baitar, an Islamic scholar (pharmacist, botanist, and physician), in his encyclopedia wrote the detailed characterization of more than one thousand herbs describing their medicinal value, methods of preparation, and their route of administration. Objectives. The current investigation points towards the quantitative characterization of the phenolic contents among the four edible Malva plants species (Malva sylvestris L., Malva oxyloba Boiss., Malva parviflora L., and Malva aegyptia L.) and also towards assessing their antibacterial activity against one Gram-positive isolate (Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-negative strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, and Proteus vulgaris. It also aimed to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of hexane, methanolic, aqueous, and acetone extracts of four Malva species. Methods. By utilizing the Folin–Ciocalteu procedure and gallic acid as a reference molecule, the phenolic contents were estimated. In addition, the broth microdilution method was used to evaluate four plants’ 16 extracts, and the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method was utilized to assess the abovementioned extracts against oxidative stress. Results. The results showed that the methanolic extract of M. oxyloba has the highest contents of phenols (191.54 ± 2.84 mg of GAE/g) and has the best antioxidant capacity with an IC50 value of 1.94 ± 1.84 µg/ml, which is very close to Trolox. Regarding the ferrous ion chelating activity of the extract, the methanolic extract of M. sylvestris exhibits appreciable activity with IC50 values of 52.7 ± 1.8 µg/ml. In addition, the plant extract and acetone extract of M. sylvestris showed a strong antibacterial activity with an MIC value of 0.0078 mg/ml. Conclusion. The methanolic extract of M. oxyloba has a pharmacological potential as a valuable natural product that can be utilized as a main ingredient in the design and development of new therapeutic formulations. It exerts multiple inhibitory properties against oxidative stress and bacterial growth. As such, it is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases and many types of human infectious diseases.
Highlights
Background. e plants brought by Arabs were of real therapeutic values
Other people use its flowers for medicinal purpose to treat injuries and different skin disorders [4]. e intensive use of Malva species among Arabian population urges us to study and identify the medical and chemical characteristics of Malva sylvestris L., Malva oxyloba Boiss., Malva parviflora L., and Malva aegyptia L
Plants Extract Yields. e obtained yields of M. sylvestris, M. oxyloba, M. parviflora, and M. aegyptia plants aqueous, hexane, methanol, and acetone solvents were calculated and performed in Table 1. e results showed that methanolic extracts of M. sylvestris, M. oxyloba, M. parviflora, and M. aegyptia have the highest extraction yields, which were 4.31 ± 0.97, 5.58 ± 1.1, 3.88 ± 0.89, and 5.15 ± 0.94%, respectively
Summary
Background. e plants brought by Arabs were of real therapeutic values. Ibn Al-Baitar, an Islamic scholar (pharmacist, botanist, and physician), in his encyclopedia wrote the detailed characterization of more than one thousand herbs describing their medicinal value, methods of preparation, and their route of administration. E methanolic extract of M. oxyloba has a pharmacological potential as a valuable natural product that can be utilized as a main ingredient in the design and development of new therapeutic formulations. It exerts multiple inhibitory properties against oxidative stress and bacterial growth. They studied the possible roles of antioxidants in protecting the body from many dangerous diseases caused due to oxidative stress Common free radical such as hydroxyl (OH_), superoxide (O2–), and nitric monoxide (NO−) are considered as causative agents for many chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and other oxidative diseases. Other people use its flowers for medicinal purpose to treat injuries and different skin disorders [4]. e intensive use of Malva species among Arabian population urges us to study and identify the medical and chemical characteristics of Malva sylvestris L., Malva oxyloba Boiss., Malva parviflora L., and Malva aegyptia L
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