Phenolic Constituents of Chinese Quince Twigs (Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne) and Their Anti-Neuroinflammatory, Neurotrophic, and Cytotoxic Activities.

Dong Hyun Kim,Hye Ryeong Kim,Sun Yeou Kim,Chung Sub Kim,Lalita Subedi,Sang Un Choi

doi:10.3390/antiox10040551

Abstract

Chaenomeles sinensis has been used as a food and traditional medicines. However, most of research on discovering bioactive constituents from this plant have been focused on its yellow fruit, Chinese quince, due to its wide usage. Here, we isolated and characterized three new phenolic compounds (1, 9, and 11) and 21 known compounds (2−8, 10, and 12−24) from the twigs of C. sinensis. Their chemical structures were established by spectroscopic and spectrometric data analysis including 1D and 2D NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and LC-MS analysis. Some of the isolated compounds (1−24) showed anti-neuroinflammatory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 cells, neurotrophic activity in C6 cells through the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) and/or cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, MKN-1).

Highlights

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Phenolic compounds are one of the largest natural products groups, especially in the plant kingdom, and are characterized by the presence of at least a benzene ring with hydroxy group(s) attached to it [1]. They can be classified into several subgroups according to the number of carbon atoms and their arrangement as follows: phenolic acids (C6 –C1 ), acetophenones and phenylacetic acids (C6 –C2 ), phenylpropanoids (C6 –C3 ), naphthoquinones (C6 –C4 ), xanthones (C6 –C1 –C6 ), stilbenoids (C6 –C2 –C6 ), flavonoids (C6 –C3 –C6 ), and lignans (C6 –C3 –C3 –C6 ) [1,2]
The isolates (1−24) were tested for their anti-neuroinflammatory, neurotrophic, and cytotoxic activities, and we report the isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic phytochemicals from the twigs of C. sinensis as well as their biological activities

Summary

Introduction

Phenolic compounds are one of the largest natural products groups, especially in the plant kingdom, and are characterized by the presence of at least a benzene ring with hydroxy group(s) attached to it [1] They can be classified into several subgroups according to the number of carbon atoms and their arrangement as follows: phenolic acids (C6 –C1 ), acetophenones and phenylacetic acids (C6 –C2 ), phenylpropanoids (C6 –C3 ), naphthoquinones (C6 –C4 ), xanthones (C6 –C1 –C6 ), stilbenoids (C6 –C2 –C6 ), flavonoids (C6 –C3 –C6 ), and lignans (C6 –C3 –C3 –C6 ) [1,2]. Many of these well-known natural products in the phenolic compounds class have been reported to possess diverse pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory (e.g., salicylic acid), neurotrophic (e.g., 6-shogaol) [2,3], antioxidant (e.g., resveratrol, quercetin) [2], and anticancer (e.g., podophyllotoxin) [2] effects

Methods

Results

Conclusion