Phenolic compounds recovery from pistachio hull using pressure-driven membrane process and a cleaner production of biopesticide

Abstract

This study aims to investigate phenolic compounds recovery from pistachio hull using cleaner production technology. The effects of solvent type (acetone, n-hexane, ethanol, methanol, and deionized water), solvent temperature (25, 50, 75 °C), and extraction time (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 h) were optimized for maximum phenolic compounds extraction from the hull. The maximum phenolic compounds extraction (30.8 mg/g) was obtained for water at 75 °C temperature and 4 h extraction time. The pressure-driven membrane process was used to concentrate phenolic compounds from water used as a solvent. UP150, UP005, NF270, and NF90 membranes were used to concentrate the phenolic compounds. The contents of phenolic compounds in permeate and concentrate streams were determined by LC-MSMS. Moreover, the biopesticide properties of the recovered phenolic compounds were also investigated, which are carried out by researching their bactericidal and fungicidal properties. The extracted phenolic compounds, UP150 permeate, UP150 concentrate, NF270 permeate, and NF270 concentrate showed excellent antioxidant activity. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) scavenging activity, ferrous chelating activity, antimicrobial activity, bacterial viability inhibition test, and biofilm inhibition activity were tested to investigate the biopesticide properties of the recovered phenolic compounds which displayed moderate antimicrobial activity. UP150 concentrate and NF270 concentrate inhibited 29% and 33% biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus , respectively. • Phenolic compounds were recovered from pistachio hull using cleaner technology. • The maximum phenol extraction (30.8 mg/g) was obtained for water at 75 °C and 4 h. • The bactericidal and fungicidal properties of the recovered phenol was investigated. • NF270 concentrate inhibited 33% biofilm formation of S.aureus .