Abstract
Background: Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods have been traditionally used to treat dyspepsia, diarrhea and topically for dermal inflammation. Main objectives: (1) investigate the antioxidant activity and protection against oxidative-induced damage of six extracts from AF pods and (2) their capacity to curb the inflammation process as well as to down-regulate the pro-inflammatory mediators. Methods: Five organic extracts (chloroformic, hexanic, ketonic, methanolic, methanolic:aqueous and one aqueous extract) were obtained and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-Q-oa/TOF-MS. Antioxidant activity (DPPH•, ORAC and FRAP assays) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay) were performed. Assessment of anti-inflammatory properties was made by the ear edema induced model in CD-1 mice and MPO activity assay. Likewise, histological analysis, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, COX measurements plus nitrite and immunohistochemistry analysis were carried out. Results: Methyl gallate, gallic acid, galloyl glucose isomer 1, galloyl glucose isomer 2, galloyl glucose isomer 3, digalloyl glucose isomer 1, digalloyl glucose isomer 2, digalloyl glucose isomer 3, digalloyl glucose isomer 4, hydroxytyrosol acetate, quinic acid, and caffeoylmalic acid were identified. Both organic and aqueous extracts displayed antioxidant activity. All extracts exhibited a positive effect on the interleukins, COX and immunohistochemistry assays. Conclusion: All AF pod extracts can be effective as antioxidant and topical anti-inflammatory agents.
Highlights
The loss of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in biological systems is responsible of many disorders resulting in oxidative damage [1]
Total polyphenols content from CE, HE, KE, ME, MAE and AE from Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods were 506, 620, 594, 378, 399 and 565 mg of equivalents of gallic acid/100 g of dry matter, respectively. These results keep up a correspondence with non-polar and polar properties of solvents as well as their ability to extract phenolic units from AF pods
12 phenolic compounds were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC)-ESI-Q-oa-/TOF-MS analysis which include: methyl gallate, gallic acid, galloyl glucose isomer 1, galloyl glucose isomer 2, galloyl glucose isomer 3, digalloyl glucose isomer 1, digalloyl glucose isomer 2, digalloyl glucose isomer 3, digalloyl glucose isomer 4, hydroxytyrosol acetate, quinic acid, and caffeoylmalic acid (Table 1)
Summary
The loss of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in biological systems is responsible of many disorders resulting in oxidative damage [1]. Leaves, stems, barks, flowers, and roots of Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd (family: Fabeceae), commonly named as sweet acacia or Huizache, it has been described the occurrence of phytochemicals like albumin, gallic acid, glutelins, kaempferol, quercetin, methyl gallate, myricetin, naringenin, diosmetin, apigenin, catechin, ellagic acid, lupeol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, β-sitosterol, ferulic and caffeic acids, among others. Main objectives: (1) investigate the antioxidant activity and protection against oxidative-induced damage of six extracts from AF pods and (2) their capacity to curb the inflammation process as well as to down-regulate the pro-inflammatory mediators
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