Abstract
ABSTRACTInteractions between phenolic compounds in black currant leaves and foliar diseases may be important in breeding for resistant genotypes with a nutritional high profile for human applications. For increased understanding of such interactions, we evaluated the presence of major fungal diseases by visual inspection, and content of phenolic compounds by HPLC in leaves of five segregating black currant breeding populations. Eight individual flavonols (e.g. quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol-malonylgucoside), three flavan-3-ols (epigallocatechin, catechin and epicatechin) and two chlorogenic acids (neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid) were significantly correlated to the leaf diseases. Rib-0701 was the population possessing the highest content for several of the compounds, while genotype differences existed for content of various phenolic compounds and resistance to the diseases. The high variability of content of phenolic compounds opens up for opportunities to breed resistant genotypes with improved health properties of the leaves for functional food products.
Highlights
Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) leaves are known as a rich source of phenolic compounds, normally seen as secondary metabolites
In addition we found that three flavan-3-ols and two chlorogenic acids were related to resistance to leaf diseases
Our results clearly show presence of interactions between content of phenolic compounds in leaves of black currants and foliar diseases
Summary
Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) leaves are known as a rich source of phenolic compounds, normally seen as secondary metabolites. Phenolic compounds are known for their diverse functions in the plant, including for pigmentation, growth and reproduction, and for resistance against pathogens and fungi. Oxidation of phenols is known as a potential defense mechanism as is the presence of tannins (War et al 2012). The fact that the oxidation of phenols is an important defense mechanism in plants has been shown in a number of studies where the amount of polyphenol oxidase, catalyzing oxidation of phenols, has been related to diseases and to resistance to pests and pathogens (Li & Steffens 2002; Mohammadi & Kazemi 2002; Thipyapong et al 2004; Pourcel et al 2007; Mahanil et al 2008)
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