Abstract
Indonesia is rich in natural resources, coconut plantation being one of them. The coconut processing industry produces coconut shell (CS) waste. The most effective technique to increase the value of this waste is to convert CS biomass through pyrolysis process. This research focuses on intensification of conversion process of CS by Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) to obtain PA. PA contains phenolic compounds which have antibacterial properties so they can be formulated as an antibacterial agent. CS has moisture and ash content of 8.89% and 0.21%, respectively. PA was produced from the MAP of CS at 600W at 450℃ and 500oC for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The PA was extracted using ethyl acetate to obtain phenolic contents. Optimum pyrolysis condition was found at 400oC for 30 minutes and yield of PA was determined at 32.20 g with total phenolic content (TPC) of 112.13 mg GAE/g. The inhibition zone of phenolic extract from coconut shell (PECS) using E. Coli was determined within 22-25 mm that quantitatively PECS can effectively kill bacteria. PECS by MAP and its aplication as an antibacterial agent has never been performed, so this work is an important contribution in the intensification of pyrolysis and in medical field.
Highlights
Indonesia is the second largest coconut producing country in ASEAN after Philippines [1]
pyroligneous acid (PA) is smoke from the pyrolysis process which is condensed into a liquid product consisting of water, alcohol, organic acids, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furans, pyran derivatives, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen compounds [5]
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) was carried out referring to a study conducted by Abas [18] with modification of raw material size of 1-1.18 mm. 100 g materials and 50 g of activated carbon were dried at 105°C for 24 hours
Summary
Indonesia is the second largest coconut producing country in ASEAN after Philippines [1]. The development of coconut production in Indonesia had tendency to increase by 1.95% per year in 1980 - 2018 period [2]. The amount of the waste continues to increase along with the increase in processed coconut products. One of the ways to utilize CS into available products is thermochemical conversion which is pyrolysis. Products of the pyrolysis process include charcoal, tar, gas and pyroligneous acid (PA) [4]. PA is smoke from the pyrolysis process which is condensed into a liquid product consisting of water, alcohol, organic acids, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furans, pyran derivatives, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen compounds [5]. PA compounds have antibacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are prospective to be utilized for medicinal and pharmaceutical products formulations [6]
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