Abstract
Myrtaceae family is widely distributed in Asia has been the largest group of plant; mainly trees and few shrubs. Distributed all over the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Syzygium is the largest genus with economical value found all over the Malaysian Peninsular. Evolutionary relationships within the Syzygium is unclear and there are currently no reliable criteria to divide the genus into manageable entities for systematic study. Species of Syzygium is the richest genus of woody plants in South East Asia with approximately 1000 or more species but little is known about the genus. Syzygium polyanthum Wight is one of the favourites Ulam that have been consumed for ages in Peninsular Malaysia and also as herbal medicine. The species is widely misunderstood due to extreme morphological variability, similarity in aroma and flavor. The species is substituted or adulterated with several other species. The study was aimed to construct phenetic tree and unsupervised multivariate analysis from morphological and anatomical the data matrix. Phenetic analysis, Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed they are two different cultivars species but inter variation exited among cultivars of same species. The above documented information has added new taxonomic information with regard to the identification of the cultivars in Peninsular Malaysia. The study recommends further study on de novo sequence of Serai kayu and Serai kayu hutan.
Highlights
Myrtaceae family is a tropical trees and shrubs with nearly about 55,000 species, grouped into two sub-family, 17 tribes and 142 genera
Syzygium is a large genus of Myrtaceae, occurring from Africa eastwards to the Hawaiian Islands and from India and southern China southwards to south eastern Australia and New Zealand (Van Wyk, 1985)
In terms of species richness, the genus is centered in Malaysia but in terms of its basic evolutionary diversity it appears to be centered in the Melanesian-Australian region (Hussin et al, 1992)
Summary
Myrtaceae family is a tropical trees and shrubs with nearly about 55,000 species, grouped into two sub-family, 17 tribes and 142 genera. The leaves of Myrtaceae family are in opposite direction, phloem internal, ever green and woody and abundance of oil glands in most of the members (Abdulrahman et al, 2018a) They are bisexual, poly stemonous, fully inferior or partial inferior ovaries mostly with nectariferous hypanthium and actinomorphic flower (Wilson et al, 2001; Gamage et al, 2003). Wood from Syzygium is durable, close grained and whitish (Soh & Parnell 2011) They have leathery leaves, obovate elliptic or oblong ovate shape with six to twelve centimeters (Retamales et al, 2015). Most members of the genus their fruits are oblong ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 centimeters long which are black or dark purple, edible and flesh and almost all species bear seed within the fruits (Gamage et al., 2003; Retamales et al, 2015). Syzygium; through phenetic and cluster analysis of Syzygium polyanthum cultivar (Serai kayu and Serai kayu hutan) based on morphology and anatomical data set
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