Abstract
Keloid is a unique refractory syndrome characterized by a proliferation disorder of the fibroblasts. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising technique to modulate fibroblasts. However, use of the photosensitizer Phenalen-1-one (Ph1) in PDT for keloid remains to be explored. This study investigated the efficacy of Ph1-PDT in the in vitro and in vivo models of keloid. Cell viability was assessed with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis in keloid fibroblasts. The migrated and invaded keloid fibroblasts after Ph1-PDT were detected using scratch and matrigel invasion assays in vitro. Flow cytometry measured the apoptosis changes. The protein concentrations and the mRNA expression of inflammatory modulators (interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-1β) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods, respectively. Nude mice were used to perform the transplantation of keloid grafts. Western blot analysis measured the protein expression of CD31, CD34, tumor growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen 1 in keloid fibroblasts and grafts. Our results revealed that Ph1-PDT significantly suppressed cell viability, migration and invasion, and enhanced the rate of cell apoptosis and caspase-3 expression in keloid fibroblasts. Moreover, in the nude mice model, Ph1-PDT decreased the volume of the graft and attenuated the vessel density by inhibiting the expression of vessel density biomarkers (CD31 and CD34) in keloid grafts. Furthermore, Ph1-PDT significantly inactivated the inflammatory mediators in keloid grafts. In addition, Ph1-PDT considerably attenuated the development of keloids by inhibiting TGF-β1 and collagen 1 proteins in keloid fibroblasts and grafts. Ph1-PDT may suppress keloid progression by reducing vessel formation and inflammation, and promoting fibroblast apoptosis, suggesting a potential therapy method for keloid.
Highlights
Keloid is a unique refractory syndrome characterized by a proliferation disorder of the fibroblasts
Our results revealed that Ph1-photodynamic therapy (PDT) significantly suppressed cell viability, migration and invasion, and enhanced the rate of cell apoptosis and caspase-3 expression in keloid fibroblasts
To investigate the impact of Ph1-PDT on keloid in vitro, we examined the effects of different concentrations of Ph1PDT on the cell viability of keloid fibroblasts using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay
Summary
Keloid is a unique refractory syndrome characterized by a proliferation disorder of the fibroblasts. Keloid is a skin disorder that results in pathological scars This condition is characterized by inflammation, abnormal deposition of collagen fibers, and excessive proliferation of fibroblasts with cancer-like properties that are usually invasive and often recur after excision.[1] The abnormal growth of keloid can be disfiguring, and cause pain and irritation.[2] Keloid generally leads to psychological and physical anxiety in patients.[3] There are various treatments for keloids, such as radiation therapy, corticosteroid injections, surgical excision, pressure therapy, and silicone gel sheeting.[4] few of the current therapeutic modalities provide good clinical outcomes without side effects. Surgical excision is an efficient method compared to others, yet it might add to a higher risk of cancer years after the radiation exposure.[5] it is urgent to explore an effective and safe therapy for keloid scarring
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