Abstract
Although the exposure of polymeric materials to radiation is a well-established process, little is known about the relationship between structure and property and the biological behavior of biomaterials obtained by thermal phenomena at 1070 nm wavelength. This study includes results concerning the use of a novel infrared radiation source (ytterbium laser fiber) for the synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogel in order to produce medical devices. The materials were obtained by means of free radical polymerization mechanism and evaluated regarding its cross-linking degree, polymer chain mobility, thermal, and mechanical properties. Their potential use as a biomaterial toward cartilage tissue was investigated through incubation with chondrocytes cells culture by dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) dye and DNA quantification. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that glass transition temperature (Tg) was in the range 103°C–119°C, the maximum degree of swelling was 70.8%, and indentation fluency test presented a strain of 56%–85%. A significant increase of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) concentration and DNA content in cells cultured with 40 wt% 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was observed. Our results showed the suitability of infrared laser fiber in the free radicals formation and in the rapid polymer chain growth, and further cross-linking. The porous material obtained showed improvements concerning cartilage tissue regeneration.
Highlights
The exposure of polymeric materials to radiation is a well-established process, little is known about the relationship between structure and property and the biological behavior of biomaterials obtained by thermal phenomena at 1070 nm wavelength. is study includes results concerning the use of a novel infrared radiation source for the synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogel in order to produce medical devices. e materials were obtained by means of free radical polymerization mechanism and evaluated regarding its cross-linking degree, polymer chain mobility, thermal, and mechanical properties. eir potential use as a biomaterial toward cartilage tissue was investigated through incubation with chondrocytes cells culture by dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) dye and DNA quantification
Our results showed the suitability of infrared laser fiber in the free radicals formation and in the rapid polymer chain growth, and further cross-linking. e porous material obtained showed improvements concerning cartilage tissue regeneration
Synthesis of PHEMA Hydrogels. e PHEMA hydrogel synthesis was carried out by two distinct approaches: in the first way, the polymer was prepared by adding the cross-linker DEGDMA and potassium persulfate (KPS) into the monomer HEMA aqueous solution to improve the control over molecular mass and Trommsdorff effect, typical of radical polymerization reactions, and to enable the formation of a porous structure. en, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) and potassium persulfate (KPS) at 2 wt% and 1 wt% concentrations, respectively, were added to the 40-wt% and 80 wt% HEMA/water rate. e mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes
Summary
The exposure of polymeric materials to radiation is a well-established process, little is known about the relationship between structure and property and the biological behavior of biomaterials obtained by thermal phenomena at 1070 nm wavelength. is study includes results concerning the use of a novel infrared radiation source (ytterbium laser fiber) for the synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogel in order to produce medical devices. e materials were obtained by means of free radical polymerization mechanism and evaluated regarding its cross-linking degree, polymer chain mobility, thermal, and mechanical properties. eir potential use as a biomaterial toward cartilage tissue was investigated through incubation with chondrocytes cells culture by dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) dye and DNA quantification. Is study includes results concerning the use of a novel infrared radiation source (ytterbium laser fiber) for the synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogel in order to produce medical devices. Allogeneic and xenogeneic transplants (using genetically nonidentical individual cells and nonhuman animal species cells, respectively) present as a possible alternative, it is not effective for highly damaged immunogenic tissue (e.g., skin) [4, 5] In this case, it is necessary to obtain autologous tissues (using patient’s own cells) through new engineering approaches. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) stands out in medical applications among the materials investigated for hydrogel obtainment [8, 16, 17] It was first studied by Witcherle and Lim [18] in the development of contact lenses. Harata et al [20] observed a significantly increased of number chondrocytes harvested in PHEMA coating and maintenance of the quality of cells, indicating good results of this polymer for use in regenerative medicine
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