Phatic communication and its implications for online learning motivation

Abstract

The phatic expression or phatic category is an aspect of speech that is functionally contained in oral speech which is used to initiate, maintain, and strengthen the conversation. In learning, phatic speech can be observed in the speech of teachers and students. This is very closely related to improving the psychological atmosphere in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to describe, test, and analyze the effect of the phatic category on learning motivation based on competence motivation, namely the willingness to work hard, enthusiasm for involving students in communication, and the spirit of independent learning. This research was conducted by testing the hypothesis that there was a significant effect of the phatic category in the lecturer's speech on student learning motivation. The data were analyzed by t-test technique in the class with high phatic expression and low phatic expression, witthe number of each class 35 students. Data collection was applied with a questionnaire to determine the implications of lecturer phatic expressions on student motivation. Each function in the phatic expression consists of 2 questions with a scale of 1: less, 2: enough, and 3: good. In addition, there is a search for phatic expressions functions by measuring the percentage of each function. The results of the normality test of learning motivation data in the high and low phatic expressions groups showed that the results were not normally distributed, with a significance of 0.000 and 0.010. Thus, the statistical test of the t-test hypothesis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test technique. From the analysis of the Mann Whitney test, it was found that the difference in the level of learning motivation between the high class and low class phatic was significant (0.037< 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of lecturer phatic expressions on student learning motivation. Meanwhile, from the percentage test of the phatic function, the data obtained that the desired type of phatic speech is the phatic utterance of sustaining.