Abstract
We propose an innovative framework termed phasor-based control (PBC) to facilitate the integration of heterogeneous and intermittent distributed energy resources (DER) on the electric grid. PBC presents a unified approach that is agnostic to optimization criteria and to the particular characteristics of participating resources. It is enabled by synchronized, high-precision voltage phasor measurements that allow stating control objectives in grid-specific, rather than resource-specific, terms. We present qualitative justification and examine the general feasibility of this control approach, including the behavior of candidate control algorithms in simulation. Initial results suggest that PBC has significant potential to support stable and resilient grid operations in the presence of arbitrarily high penetrations of DER.
Highlights
Electric power generation from renewable, variable, and distributed resources is increasing dramatically in many countries [1]
Since voltage phasors are associated with network nodes, whereas current and power flow are associated with network branches, a single nodal PMU measurement becomes a valid reference point for multiple L-phasor-based control (PBC) controllers along the feeder, or on neighboring feeders, respectively
L-PBC so as to track the voltage phasor target assigned to the performance node (632) on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 13-node test feeder
Summary
Electric power generation from renewable, variable, and distributed resources is increasing dramatically in many countries [1]. Specific issues of concern with residential-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) include voltage rise or protection coordination problems when PV generation exceeds co-located load [2,3], and network congestion due to solar variability at times of peak demand [4] For these reasons, distribution utilities may limit the connection (or permissible levels) of PV generation, e.g., by defining feeder hosting capacities. Such a curve assigns a specific amount of reactive power injection as a function of, locally measured voltage magnitude [20,21] In this way, while real power injection may follow some other criteria such as price-based optimization, positive or negative reactive power injection can serve to mitigate local network constraints without the need for centralized control. It has been demonstrated that active control of generation resources based on a voltage phase angle separation constraint on a distribution line is effective at limiting real power flow [22]. The above linearization yields a convex power flow equality, which is leveraged for the supervisory PBC optimization problem [27]
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