Phases of river basin development: the need for adaptive institutions.

Abstract

Abstract This paper discusses hydraulic and hydrologic responses to water resources development. A water accounting framework is provided and is used to understand changes of water use within a basin context. Changes in water use can be illustrated by conceptualizing phases of river basin development. The three phases are development, utilization and reallocation. This concept is used to show the importance of adaptive institutions and to identify the issues arise during various phases and the key areas of institutional focus as river basins develop. Institutional concerns differ depending on the phase of basin development. These concerns may exist at all times, but their importance or emphasis may change over time. The essential institutional tasks include: (i) planning, construction and maintenance; (ii) water allocation and distribution; (iii) monitoring and enforcing water quality and protecting the environment; and (iv) protecting against water disasters. The issues of water scarcity, value of water and poverty in each phase of development are discussed. Finally, adaptive institutions and development pathways for water resources management are explored.