Abstract
Phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography has been used to image blood flow dynamics in various tissues using both time-domain and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography techniques. In this manuscript, we present phase-resolved Doppler imaging with a high-speed optical frequency domain imaging system. We demonstrate that by correcting for spurious timing-induced phase errors, excellent flow sensitivity can be achieved, limited only by the imaging signal-to-noise ratio. Conventional and Doppler images showing flow in an Intralipid phantom and in human skin are presented. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability of phase-resolved OFDI to measure high flow rates without the deleterious effects of fringe washout.
Highlights
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides cross-sectional images of biological samples with resolution on the scale of several to tens of microns [1]
Initial Doppler OCT measurements were performed with timedomain OCT (TD-OCT) systems
It has been demonstrated that the application of frequency-domain ranging techniques [11, 12] to OCT results in significantly improved sensitivity [13,14,15] and imaging speed [16, 17] compared with conventional TD-OCT
Summary
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides cross-sectional images of biological samples with resolution on the scale of several to tens of microns [1]. Application of Doppler techniques to measure spatially-localized motion in the sample [2, 3] These methods, termed color Doppler OCT or optical Doppler tomography, have been applied for imaging blood flow in the skin [3,4,5,6,7], retina [8, 9], and esophagus [10], among others. Combining OFDI with functional contrast through flow imaging may lead to an improved diagnostic capability, especially in screening for early cancer. In this manuscript, we demonstrate a high-speed phase-resolved OFDI system suitable for high-sensitivity flow measurements. The capabilities of the phase-resolved OFDI system are demonstrated by imaging an Intralipid flow phantom and human dermal vessels in vivo
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