Abstract
Recent advances in studies of ionic liquids (IL) and ionic liquid–solvent mixtures are reviewed. Selected experimental, simulation, and theoretical results for electrochemical, thermodynamical, and structural properties of IL and IL-solvent mixtures are described. Special attention is paid to phenomena that are not predicted by the classical theories of the electrical double layer or disagree strongly with these theories. We focus on structural properties, especially on distribution of ions near electrodes, on electrical double layer capacitance, on effects of confinement, including decay length of a dissjoining pressure between confinig plates, and on demixing phase transition. In particular, effects of the demixing phase transition on electrochemical properties of ionic liquid–solvent mixtures for different degrees of confinement are presented.
Highlights
Ionic liquids (ILs) and ionic liquids (IL)–solvent mixtures (ILS) have turn into the research focus in electrochemistry due to their intriguing properties, such as exceptional electrochemical and thermal stability and low vapor pressure that make them attractive materials for several applications [1,2]
Similar results were reported from simulations of slit-shaped pores by performing molecular dynamics [128,129,130], or implementing classical density functional theory approaches [125,131]
We have shown that despite decades of intensive studies of ionic systems, unexpected and surprising properties and phenomena can still be discovered
Summary
Ionic liquids (ILs) and IL–solvent mixtures (ILS) have turn into the research focus in electrochemistry due to their intriguing properties, such as exceptional electrochemical and thermal stability and low vapor pressure that make them attractive materials for several applications [1,2]. Using neat ILs in micro and mesopores improves the stored electrical energy [23]. Most of the studies of IL-solvent mixtures confined by micro and mesopores have been focused on thermodynamic states far from phase transitions. The investigation of the effect of proximity to the demixing phase transition on electrochemical properties of confined IL-solvent mixtures has started only very recently [35,36,37]. We pay special attention to the effects of proximity to the demixing phase transition on electrochemical properties of IL-solvent mixture (Section 5).
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