Abstract
WO 3 thin films have been annealed in air in the temperature range 20–450 °C and the changes in grain size and crystallographic structure have been investigated as a function of the annealing conditions. During annealing, important changes in grain size and structure occur and have been characterised by electron microscopy and electron diffraction. As the annealing temperature increases, the monoclinic structure successively transforms to WO 3· 1/ 3H 2O phase, hexagonal WO 3, WO 3− x (Magneli phases) and monoclinic WO 3. The formation of WO 3− x was only observed when the thin film was annealed on its substrate. This non-stoichiometric WO 3− x phase exhibits specific fringe contrast imaging of well-ordered crystallographic shear planes. The most frequent Magneli phase we have observed corresponds to the W 40O 118 structure.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
