Abstract
The presented article describes the phase transformations in solid bodies based on fluid fly ash (FFA) over eight years from the initial to the final phases. FFA has been selected as a type of industrial waste whose amount has been growing in recent years. This type of ash has self-hardening properties when watered because of the conditions of its origin. The specific temperature of fluid burning and the addition of calcium carbonate into the burning zone create a mixture of phases which are, even when solidified, ready to form new crystal phases, especially alumina-silicates, relicts of coal clay minerals. For experiments, bricks from the mixture of FFA and quartz sand were industrially produced and left outside. Subsequent mineralogical analyses of samples of various ages confirmed differences in phase compositions. It is supposed that the main role in the presented changes is played by the content of the roentgen-amorphous part of alumina-silicates because they are likely to be transformed into a stable form of feldspar. In addition to that, this article presents the hypothesis of a moving agent, which could explain the transformations in the final bodies.
Highlights
The results show a decreasing content of the roentgen-amorphous phase
It can be concluded that the roentgen-amorphous phase of fluid fly ash contains alumina-silicate in active forms
The small and separated chained structures are spread in calcareous surroundings in the form of alumina-silicate clusters
Summary
Various other sources are used, including solar, wind, and nuclear energy, the majority of energy and heat in many countries is obtained from coal combustion [1,2,3]. The main problem of coal burning is that it is a permanent source of CO2 and NOx gases, which are contaminating the atmosphere [4,5]. The second problem, which is serious as well, is represented by the waste materials created (e.g., ashes and slag). Many power stations use classic boilers with a high temperature of coal burning, where all alumina-silicates in ashes and slag are transformed into high-temperature structures as spinels and mullites [6,7]. Sulfur gases are generally captured by wet-washing in calcium carbonate milk [8]
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