Phase transformations in a harzburgite composition to 26 GPa: implications for dynamical behaviour of the subducting slab

Abstract

The mineralogy adopted by a depleted harzburgite composition has been studied over the pressure interval 5–26 GPa at temperatures of 1300–1400°C. The pyroxene-garnet component of the harzburgite composition (harzburgite minus 82 wt.% olivine) transforms to majorite garnet by 18–19 GPa, and further disproportionates to the assemblage of garnet + stishovite + Mg 2SiO 4 spinel above 20 GPa. At still higher pressures, first ilmenite (22–24 GPa) and then perovskite MgSiO 3 (24–26 GPa) are found to coexist with garnet. Garnet disappears at 26 GPa and almost complete transition to perovskite is achieved at this pressure. The mineral proportions and density profiles in the subducting oceanic lithosphere, modelled by a combination of 80% harzburgite + 20% primitive MORB compositions are calculated as a function of depth under conditions isothermal with surrounding pyrolite mantle, and also for a temperature distribution in which the slab is substantially cooler than surrounding mantle to below 700 km. Under isothermal conditions, the slab has a density similar to surrounding mantle to a depth of 600 km. However, between 600 and 700 km, the slab is up to 0.08 g/cm 3 denser than surrounding mantle. This is caused primarily by the higher alumina content in pyrolite as compared to harzburgite, which causes the transition to perovskite in pyrolite to occur at substantially higher pressures than in harzburgite. The presence of alumina also smears out the garnet-perovskite transition in pyrolite over a depth interval of 50 km, whereas this transformation is much sharper in the harzburgite composition. Calculations based on the observed phase equilibria also show that a subducted cool slab remains much denser (by 0.1–0.3 g/cm 3) than surrounding mantle to a depth of 700 km but possesses a density similar to surrounding mantle below this depth. These results have important implications for the dynamical behaviour of slabs possessing different thermal regimes when they encounter the 670 km discontinuity and also for the nature of this discontinuity.