Abstract
Mechano-synthesis of Fe–32Mn–6Si alloy by mechanical alloying of the elemental powder mixtures was evaluated by running the ball milling process under an inert argon gas atmosphere. In order to characterize the as-milled powders, powder sampling was performed at predetermined intervals from 0.5 to 192h. X-ray florescence analyzer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and high resolution transmission electron microscope were utilized to investigate the chemical composition, structural evolution, morphological changes, and microstructure of the as-milled powders, respectively. According to the results, the nanocrystalline Fe–Mn–Si alloys were completely synthesized after 48h of milling. Moreover, the formation of a considerable amount of amorphous phase during the milling process was indicated by quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis as well as high resolution transmission electron microscopy image and its selected area diffraction pattern. It was found that the α-to-γ and subsequently the amorphous-to-crystalline (especially martensite) phase transformation occurred by milling development.
Highlights
Concerning the XRD patterns of the powders at early stages of milling, the dissolution of Mn and Si occurred in the α-Fe phase and by increasing the milling process, a decrease in the crystallite size and an increase in the lattice strain occurred [24], which resulted in the peaks broadening
One part of the milled powders is attached to the balls, other part is attached to the vial walls, and the remaining part is in a free state moving in the volume of the vial
All the parts have different temperatures wherein the part attached to the balls can be experience significantly high temperatures depends on the milling conditions [37].This can be the reason that the crystalline phases creates from the amorphous phase during mechanical alloying (MA)
Summary
Fe–Mn–Si alloys are a class of smart materials due to their suitable shape memory effect (SME), excellent machinability and formability, low cost, good weldability and corrosion resistance, and high strength having several industrial applications such as dampers, pipe couplings, big shape memory devices, hard metals or alloys joining, oxygen blowing nozzles and so on [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. The production of stress induced martensite (ε, hcp) from parent austenite phase (γ, fcc) and the reverse transformation (γ to ε) during the heating cycle are the origins of SME in this alloying system [12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. This non-thermoelastic or semi-thermoelastic conversion occurred by the creation of stacking faults (SFs) due to the movement of the Shockley partial dislocations (aγ/6 ) in the parent phase. The alloying system with the nominal composition of Fe–32Mn–6Si was produced by MA and an attempt was made to study the structural and microstructural phase evaluation of the alloyed powders quantitatively
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