Abstract
The term ‘phase transfer catalysis’ was first introduced by Starks when describing a study of displacement reactions between salts dissolved in an aqueous medium or in the solid state and substrates dissolved in an organic medium [1,2]. This technique has been widely used in the transformation of most functional groups in organic chemistry [3]. The principal feature of phase transfer catalysis is to allow the reagents present in different phases to react with the aid of a catalyst, which normally has the basic function of transferring anions, in the form of an ion pair, from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, in which the reaction with water-insoluble hydrophobic species takes place.
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