Phase-Specific Changes in Rate of Force Development and Muscle Morphology Throughout a Block Periodized Training Cycle in Weightlifters.

Dylan G Suarez,William Guy Hornsby,Satoshi Mizuguchi,Aaron J Cunanan,Donald J Marsh,Michael H Stone

doi:10.3390/sports7060129

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and morphological adaptations that occur during distinct phases of a block periodized training cycle in weightlifters. Athlete monitoring data from nine experienced collegiate weightlifters was used. Isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and ultrasonography (US) results were compared to examine the effects of three specific phases of a training cycle leading up to a competition. During the high volume strength-endurance phase (SE) small depressions in rate of force development (RFD) but statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and body mass (BM) were observed. The lower volume higher intensity strength-power phase (SP) caused RFD to rebound above pre-training cycle values despite statistically significant reductions in CSA. Small to moderate increases only in the earlier RFD time bands (<150 ms) occurred during the peak/taper phase (PT) while CSA and BM were maintained. Changes in IMTP RFD and CSA from US reflected the expected adaptations of block periodized training phases. Changes in early (<100 ms) and late (≥150 ms) RFD time bands may not occur proportionally throughout different training phases. Small increases in RFD and CSA can be expected in well-trained weightlifters throughout a single block periodized training cycle.

Highlights

Competitive success in the sport of weightlifting relies on the kinetic and kinematic abilities of the athlete
During the strength-endurance phase (SE) phase (T1–T2) there were trivial to small decreases in RFD time intervals of 0–50 ms (RFD50)
In well-trained strength athletes, peak force (PF) may be more effectively used for monitoring long term changes in maximal force producing abilities while rate of force development (RFD) provides a more comprehensive indication of the current performance potential of the athlete

Summary

Introduction

Competitive success in the sport of weightlifting relies on the kinetic and kinematic abilities of the athlete. The performance of more advanced weightlifters is likely primarily determined by the capacity to generate high forces, RFD, and peak power outputs [7,8] during the competitive lifts. These characteristics are often targeted through unique training periods that aim to create certain adaptations to the neuromuscular system. The ability to assess both the magnitudes and timelines of which these adaptations occur can be beneficial for designing the training of strength and power athletes

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