Abstract
Acoustic vibrations in tissue are often difficult to image, requiring high-speed scanning, high sensitivity and nanometer-scale axial resolution. Here we use spectrally encoded interferometry to measure the vibration pattern of two-dimensional surfaces, including the skin of a volunteer, at nanometric resolution, without the need for rapid lateral scanning and with no prior knowledge of the driving acoustic waveform. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for measuring tissue biomechanics using simple and compact imaging probes.
Highlights
Noncontact techniques for measuring acoustic vibrations are potentially important tools for clinical diagnosis, providing valuable information on tissue mechanical properties and its response to acoustic stimuli
In order to demonstrate imaging of two-dimensional vibration patterns of a flexible surface, a small earphone was inserted into a hollow 18-mm-diameter cylindrical tube, whose front end was covered by a rubber membrane [Fig. 3(a)]
By assuming surface continuity and uniform frequency distribution across the sample, the full twodimensional image of the surface vibrations was constructed by matching the phases between successive lines
Summary
Noncontact techniques for measuring acoustic vibrations are potentially important tools for clinical diagnosis, providing valuable information on tissue mechanical properties and its response to acoustic stimuli. Measuring the full vibrational patterns of a two-dimensional surface requires knowledge of the frequency and amplitude of the wave, and of the relative phases between different surface locations. Occasional tissue or probe movements may cause difficulty in stitching the relative phases between adjacent points, leading to difficult and often unreliable reconstruction of the full vibration pattern. Phase-sensitive imaging of two-dimensional surface vibrations was demonstrated using wide-field interferometry and gated pulse illumination [8, 9]; measuring the vibration patterns of excised tympanic membranes, using this technique, has revealed complex vibration modes and traveling waves within the membrane at a wide range of frequencies
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