Phase sensitive birefringent diffraction based on conductive tunneling chiral medium

Abstract

The birefringence phases shifts and divergence angle under diffraction through a dynamic chiral medium is controlled and modified with complex conductivity and tunneling effect. The maximum of positive and negative phase shift for the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) beams is investigated to ±20 microradian with forward current and tunneling frequencies through 3 micrometer length of the medium. The divergent angle between the LCP and RCP beams is measured to ±0.20 microradian with complex conductivity and tunneling frequencies. The diffraction angle for the LCP and RCP beams are reported to ±1.5 microradian. The diffracted beams of LCP and RCP additionally contributes with divergent angle. The divergence angle in the presence of diffraction is modified to θd(σ)±[θrR(σ)+θrL(σ)]. The significant change in divergent angle due to diffraction have useful applications in identification of crystalline materials.