Abstract
We report a new method for the highly efficient transformation of a linear polarized laser beam into a beam with any required polarization. The physics of polarization conversion is based on resonant excitation of surface electromagnetic waves (SEWs) on metallic gratings with period d ~ λ (where λ is wavelength of light) and subsequent SEW rescattering into the direction of specular reflection. The parameters of such gratings (period, depth, and groove profile) are calculated by means of the developed simple analytical theory. The grating phase retarders with reflectivity R = 92 to 97% for transformation of linearly polarized CO2 and CO laser beams into a circular polarized beam are fabricated. The efficiency of these phase converters included in a 1.5-kW CO2 laser technology system for metal cutting is demonstrated. The converters essentially enhance the quality and velocity of cutting and their high strength to resist optical damage is shown.
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