Abstract
A range of analysis approaches, namely continuous wavelet, cross wavelet, and wavelet coherence analyses, are employed to clarify the phase relationship between the smoothed monthly mean sunspot number and solar 10.7 cm flux (F10.7). Analysis shows that there is a region of high spectral power sitting across the Schwabe cycle belt, where the two time series are in phase. However, analysis of the cross-wavelet transform and wavelet coherence unveils asynchronous behavior featured with phase mixing in the high-frequency components of sunspot activity and solar F10.7, which may explain the different activity properties of the photosphere and corona on a short time scale.
Highlights
A range of analysis approaches, namely continuous wavelet, cross wavelet, and wavelet coherence analyses, are employed to clarify the phase relationship between the smoothed monthly mean sunspot number and solar 10.7 cm flux (F10.7)
The sunspot number in solar cycle 20 peaked in November 1968 while F10.7 peaked in July 1970; i.e., Figure 1 Smoothed monthly mean relative sunspot number and solar F10.7
Wavelet methods were employed to analyze the smoothed monthly mean sunspot number and solar F10.7, and it was found that the two series had notable features of the Schwabe cycle
Summary
We show that the smoothed monthly mean F10.7 and relative sunspot number do not always have coinciding maxima and minima. The CWT has been widely applied to understand the periodic features of different time series [6,18–27]. The CWT is employed to analyze the time series of the smoothed monthly mean relative sunspot number and solar F10.7, in an attempt to better understand their periodic features. Both time series have large-scale periodicity (the 11-year Schwabe cycle) of high power above the 95% confidence level
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