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Abstract
In this work, the effect of mixing temperature (Tmix) on the mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of rubber/cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) oligomer compounds was studied. Apolar (styrene butadiene rubber, SBR) and polar (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, NBR) rubbers were modified by CBT (20 phr) for reinforcement and viscosity reduction. The mechanical properties were determined in tensile, tear, and dynamical mechanical analysis (DMTA) tests. The CBT-caused viscosity changes were assessed by parallel-plate rheometry. The morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CBT became better dispersed in the rubber matrices with elevated mixing temperatures (at which CBT was in partially molten state), which resulted in improved tensile properties. With increasing mixing temperature the size of the CBT particles in the compounds decreased significantly, from few hundred microns to 5–10 microns. Compounding at temperatures above 120 °C and 140 °C for NBR and SBR, respectively, yielded reduced tensile mechanical properties most likely due to the degradation of the base rubber. The viscosity reduction by CBT was more pronounced in mixes with coarser CBT dispersions prepared at lower mixing temperatures.
Highlights
Owing to their high elasticity and damping capability, rubber materials are widely used in industry and everyday life besides other polymers
The above-mentioned reinforcing effect was present in synthetic rubber compounds, and this reinforcing effect increased with increasing polarity of the base rubber. The focus of this present study is to investigate the effect of the Cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT)-rubber mixing temperature on the mechanical and morphological properties of the tested rubbers
Forms a coarse structure with cracking bulky agglomerates with a size up to few hundred forms a coarse structure with cracking bulky agglomerates with a size up to few hundred microns. In polar rubbers, such as NBR, the morphology does not change as a function of the mixing microns. In polar rubbers, such as NBR, the morphology does not change as a function of the mixing temperature, so the final morphology seems to form at the curing process of the rubber
Summary
Owing to their high elasticity and damping capability, rubber materials are widely used in industry and everyday life besides other polymers. Numerous base rubbers and additives are required to fit the properties of the material to the specification of the final product. Various fillers (mostly carbon black, and inorganic mineral fillers) are used in the compounds as reinforcing agents. These fillers usually have drawbacks from the point of processing, because they cause a significant increment in the viscosity of the rubber raw mixtures, hindering their processability. This effect can be compensated by plasticizers and processing aids, but usually at the cost of the mechanical properties
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