Phase Investigation and Multi Objective Optimization of Dielectric Behaviour of Bismuth Titanate–Calcium Copper Titanate Nanocomposites Using Grey Relational Grade Analysis

Abstract

First time, bismuth titanate–calcium copper titanate (BTOX–CCTO1−X) composite materials were produced through sol–gel combustion process. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the obtained products were phase pure with dual phase composite system. Atomic percentage of each element present in the composite, observed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, was consistent with that in the raw materials as per stoichiometry. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed evidence that the large CCTO grains embedded in small BTO grains and both co-existed with a bimodal distribution. The composite materials showed excellent dielectric behaviour that made them promising candidates for the high dielectric embedded capacitors. An efficient grey relational grade approach was introduced for improving the condition of major controlled parameters like frequency, operating temperature and molar composition and optimizing these parameters to obtain maximum dielectric constant and minimum dielectric loss simultaneously.