Phase imprinting in equilibrating Fermi gases: the transience of vortex rings and other defects.

Abstract

We present numerical simulations of phase imprinting experiments in ultracold trapped Fermi gases, which were obtained independently and are in good agreement with recent experimental results. Our focus is on the sequence and evolution of defects using the fermionic time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, which contains dissipation necessary for equilibration. In contrast to other simulations, we introduce small, experimentally unavoidable symmetry breaking, particularly that associated with thermal fluctuations and with the phase-imprinting tilt angle, and we illustrate their dramatic effects. As appears consistent with experiment, the former causes vortex rings in confined geometries to move to the trap surface and rapidly decay into more stable vortex lines. The latter aligns the precessing and relatively long-lived vortex filaments, rendering them difficult to distinguish from solitons.