Abstract
It has been an enormous challenge to obtain double P-E loops and identify structure evolution in NaNbO3 based ceramics. BiMg2/3Ta1/3O3(BMT) modified NaNbO3 ceramics were fabricated by solid-state methods, showing slimmer double P-E loops compared with other reported work. Combined with the Raman and refined XRD results, we confirmed that the coexistence of anti-ferroelectric (AFE) P (Pbma) and ferroelectric (FE) Q (P21ma) phases gradually transformed into the coexistence of AFE R (Pnma) and AFE P phases by adding BMT, and thus, the relaxor behavior and reversible phase transition can be enhanced. TEM analysis demonstrated the coexistence of the P and Q phases in pure NN, verified by the characteristic ¼ and ½ (010) type reflections in the selected area electron diffraction patterns, respectively. The characteristic antiphase boundaries are observed as well-parallel lines with a 6-fold modulation, interrupting the 4-fold P phase. After BMT modification, the high-temperature R phase was stabilized, evidenced by the 1/6 (001) type reflections. Moreover, the domain morphology changes dramatically, illustrated by the complicated network of APBs and the elongated band morphology comprising orientational nanodomains, which indicate a strong structural heterogeneity in the NN-BMT ceramics.
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