Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant primary brain tumor associated with an extremely poor prognosis and median survival of only 8–12 months. Therefore, an improved treatment for glioblastoma is urgently needed. Our previous study demonstrated that co-delivery of tumor derived exosomes with alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) on dendritic cell-based vaccines could break the immune tolerance synergistically and improve the immunosuppressive environment, which reflect potent effects in immunotherapy of glioblastoma [1]. According to the accumulated evidence, we designed a phase I trial with the use of combination dendritic vaccine and immune checkpoint blockade in postoperative glioblastoma.
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