Phase field modeling of fracture mechanics for ion-exchanged glass considering large viscoelastic deformation, mechanic–electrochemical coupling

Abstract

A phase field model is proposed to investigate the fracture mechanics of ion-exchanged glass, which involves significant viscoelastic deformation and stress-diffusion interaction. Based on this theoretical model, the fracture behavior of both double-sided and single-sided ion exchange processes was studied. The results indicate that, compared to single-sided ion exchange, the double-sided process is more likely to induce crack initiation and propagation, ultimately resulting in a notable reduction in glass strength. For both cases, increasing the glass thickness and interfacial energy density will significantly improve the fracture resistance of the glass. Notably, when the glass thickness or interfacial energy density is large enough, the crack can be completely closed, ensuring the integrity of the glass during the ion exchange process. Furthermore, the study conducted a preliminary investigation of two industrially relevant conditions: edging and impurities. The impacts of edging parameters, glass interfacial energy density, and covering radius on glass stress evolution, mechanical deformation, crack initiation, and crack propagation during chemical strengthening were summarized. These findings offer valuable theoretical support and a reference for optimizing chemical strengthening process parameters and enhancing the strength of glass products.