Abstract
Beidou geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite-based global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique has been developed for measuring surface deformation in a carrier-phase-based, cost-effective, and continuous manner. However, several improper assumptions in the original system and method, such as neglecting the slight GEO satellite movement during angle determination and deeming inter-channel phase difference as time-invariant, can introduce certain errors in estimating the surface deformation. In this work, these issues were analyzed and improved for more accurate estimations. Utilizing a Wilkinson power divider, the inter-channel phase error is estimated and calibrated with direct signal in the master channel. The GEO-motion phase error is theoretically modelled and compensated for based on precise ephemeris. A compensating algorithm of GNSS-R deformation retrieval technique utilizing Beidou GEO satellites is presented, by which encouraging results are yielded from field experiments emulating long-term monitoring. On artificial targets, the retrieval root mean square (RMSE) is better than 8 mm.
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