Abstract
The aim of this paper is to bring valuable phase equilibria information for the design and operation of biolubricant and related biofuel product processes. As a result, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) measurements, at different temperatures, pressures and global compositions, for the ternary systems [Ethanol + 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol + 1-Dodecanol] and [Ethanol + 1-Octanol + 1-Dodecanol], as well as a multicomponent system containing these alcohols together with Balanites aegyptiaca fatty acid ethyl esters are reported for the first time (data pressure and temperature ranges: 4394–26790 Pa, 306–423 K). The Dortmund modified UNIFAC model showed very high accuracy in the prediction of these VLE, with overall average absolute deviations on the liquid and vapor molar compositions of 0.007 and 0.0003 for the ternary systems, 0.003 and 0.006 for the multicomponent system.
Highlights
Biomass harnessing in accordance with the biorefinery and green circular economy concepts to generate energy carriers and high valueadded products from conversion technologies satisfying the eco-design, eco-energy and eco-materials criteria is an essential environmental, eco nomic and social issue [1,2]
For each of the two ternary systems investigated, five Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) data sets were measured for pressure and temperature ranging respectively: (i) from 13574 to 26790 Pa and 317 to 332 K regarding system [Ethanol + 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol + 1-Dodecanol]; (ii) from 7051 to 23657 Pa and 306 to 332 K regarding system [Ethanol + 1-Octanol + 1-Dodecanol]
This information, as well as the relating predictions obtained with the UNIFAC-Do model, were gathered in Tables 4 and 5, and Fig. 2, the last displaying the deviations per component (AADi) and per data set (AADk)
Summary
Biomass harnessing in accordance with the biorefinery and green circular economy concepts to generate energy carriers and high valueadded products from conversion technologies satisfying the eco-design, eco-energy and eco-materials criteria is an essential environmental, eco nomic and social issue [1,2]. Production of biodiesel and biolubricants from non-edible oilseed plants by reactive distillation using trans esterification as conversion route is such an illustration [2,3]. First, this class of biomass does not bring about indirect land use change and even often contributes to soil improvement (erosion prevention or biofumigation). It offers a wide range of applications beneficial for human and his environment by using all the biomass (pharmaceuticals, feed, biopesticides...) [1,2,4]. Besides reducing dependence on fossil resources and environmental footprint thanks to their biodegradability, biodiesel and biolubricants improve the economic and social development of a country through employment opportunities and the required education upstream [2,7,8]
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