Phase equilibria in the ZnO‐rich area of the Fe–Zn–O system in air

Abstract

The phase equilibria in the Fe–Zn–O system in the range 900–1580°C in air have been experimentally studied using equilibration and quenching techniques. The compositions of the phases at equilibrium were determined using electron probe X‐ray microanalysis (EPMA). The ferrous and ferric bulk iron concentrations were measured with a wet chemical analysis using the ammonium metavanadate technique. X‐ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to characterise the phases. Iron oxide dissolved in zincite was found to be present principally in the ferric form. The XRD analysis and the composition measurements both indicate that zincite is the only phase stable in the ZnO‐rich area in the range of conditions investigated. The solubility of the iron oxide in zincite rapidly increases at temperatures above 1200°C; the morphology of the zincite crystals also sharply changes between 1200 and 1300°C from rounded to plate‐like crystals. The plate‐like zincite forms a refractory network—the type of microstructure beneficial to the Imperial Smelting Process (ISP) sinter performance. The software program FactSage with a thermodynamically optimised database was used to predict phase equilibria in the Fe–Zn–O system.