Abstract
The reactions which occur during freezing in biological systems employing DMSO as a cryoprotective agent may well involve information given by a near equilibrium ternary H 2O-DMSO-NaCl phase diagram. The initial freezing point depressions for solutions with three different DMSO-NaCl initial ratios ( R) have been determined over the onefold surface of ice saturation. DMSO has been shown to be more effective in reducing NaCl concentration in the residual liquid than had been previously predicted. The temperature and the fraction solid which must be reached for the occurrence of second phase coprecipitation with ice have been shown to be a strong function of initial R value. Ternary invariant reactions have been identified at −35 °C, and tentatively identified at −115 and −105 °C for solutions having DMSO/NaCl ratios of R = 9, 5, and 1, respectively. Metastable nonequilibrium phase formation has been observed for slow cooling of a solution with R = 1. This metastable condition results in different phase relationships upon thawing than upon the initial freezing. By quenching the system after partial rewarming, it has been demonstrated that this metastable condition can be eliminated.
Published Version
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