Phase diagram of the extended Hubbard chain with charge-dipole interactions

Abstract

We consider a modified extended Hubbard model (EHM) which, in addition to the on-site repulsion U and nearest-neighbor repulsion V, includes polarization effects in second-order perturbation theory. The model is equivalent to an EHM with renormalized U plus a next-nearest-neighbor repulsion term. Using a method based on topological quantum numbers (charge and spin Berry phases), we generalize to finite hopping t the quantum phase diagram in one dimension constructed by van den Brink et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4658 (1995)]. At hopping $t=0$ there are two charge density-wave phases, one spin density-wave phase, and one intermediate phase with charge and spin ordering, depending on the parameter values. At $t\ensuremath{\ne}0$ the nature of each phase is confirmed by studying correlation functions. However, in addition to the strong-coupling phases, a small region with bond ordering appears. The region occupied by the intermediate phase first increases and then decreases with increasing t, until it finally disappears for t of the order but larger than U. For small t, the topological transitions agree with the results of second-order perturbation theory.