Abstract
The coexistence surface of the ternary system isobutyric acid/H/sub 2/O, D/sub 2/O in which two independent isotope-exchange reactions take place is determined by chemical analysis of the two fluid phases coexisting at temperatures below the upper critical solution temperature. The acid is generated by hydrolysis of isobutyric acid anhydride in H/sub 2/O, D/sub 2/O mixtures of known composition. The form of the coexistence surface practically does not change with the equivalent fraction Y of exchangeable protons. The critical composition determined on the basis of the equal volume criterion decreases slightly with increasing values of Y (about 3%). The critical temperature is a linear function of Y. It increases by about 20 K. In the systems isobutyric acid (COOH)/D/sub 2/O, confirming prediction of Knobler and Scott. The properties of the coexistence surface of the system isobutyric acid/H/sub 2/O, D/sub 2/O, appear to be typical for critical systems in which isotope-exchange reactions take place. This is shown by studies of the temperature of phase separation vs. composition of the systems phenol (OH)/D/sub 2/O and 2-butoxyethanol (OH)/D/sub 2/O near the upper and lower critical point, respectively.
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