Abstract
A holographic model is used to investigate the thermodynamics and the phase diagram of a heavy quarks system. From such a model we obtain an equation of state and explore its applicability in astrophysical conditions. For this objective, we work in the context of the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) holographic model for quantum chromodynamics (QCD). At first, we show the existence of a critical point where the first-order transitions line ends, later on, we calculated an analytic expression for the equation of state. Additionally, with the aim of investigating the global properties of compact stars, such as the total gravitational mass and radius, the equation of state is used to solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equations for stellar structure. The numerical results show that our equation of state is able to reproduce the expected behavior of hybrid stars. Our main conclusion is that, by using an equation of state emerging in the framework of the EMD holographic model for QCD, it is possible to obtain quark matter properties and that it is also possible to extend the procedure to astrophysical applications.
Highlights
The investigation of the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is an open problem of modern physics, and there are several research groups around the world facing this problem
The thermodynamics and the phase structure of heavy quarks systems were studied in this work by using the holographic description
The interpretation of our results is motivated by a previous holographic model investigated in [47], where the phase diagram is in agreement with a system composed by heavy quarks when contrasted with lattice QCD results
Summary
The investigation of the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is an open problem of modern physics, and there are several research groups around the world facing this problem. It is widely known that QCD lies in the confinement regime in the region of low temperature T and density (chemical potential μ) and that it lies in the deconfinement regime in the region of high temperature and density. It is believed that at the boundary between these two phases, close to the chemical potential axis, there is a line describing first-order phase transitions. It is speculated that this line terminates at the critical point, where the theory has conformal symmetry and can be described by a set of universal critical exponents. At low chemical potentials, the transition becomes crossover. It is complicated to extract reliable information from the region where these transitions occur because QCD lies in the strong coupling regime where the usual techniques used in perturbative QCD do not work. It is known that lattice QCD provides reliable
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