Phase Constitution and Mechanical Properties of Carbides in the Ta–C System

Abstract

Carbides in the Ta–C system were prepared by hot‐pressing mixed powders of TaC and Ta in C/Ta atomic ratios of 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6 at 1800°C for 2 h. The compositions, 1.0, 0.9, and 0.8, produced single face‐centered‐cubic (fcc) TaCy phase with C/Ta ratios essentially the same as the starting compositions and densities exceeding 96.5% of theoretical. Grain size decreased with increasing carbon deficiency with a corresponding increase in Vickers hardness from 13.5 to 20 GPa. The flexural strength, however, decreased from 650 to 500 MPa due to a decrease in fracture toughness from 5.3 to 3.8 MPa√m. The compositions 0.7 and 0.6 produced two carbide phases, fcc TaCy and rhombohedral ζ‐Ta4C3−x phase in the 0.7 composition and ζ‐Ta4C3−x and hexagonal‐close‐packed (hcp) α‐Ta2C phase in the 0.6 composition. Fracture toughness measured by single‐edge‐precracked‐beam technique was exceptionally high (12.7±0.7 MPa√m) for the 0.6 composition with a high weight percent of the ζ‐Ta4C3−x phase (∼83 wt%). The fracture surface was highly faceted with multiple cleavage crack planes and steps.