Abstract
The change in hardness after annealing of cast iron and after normalization at temperatures up to 1100° is due to the structural condition of α phase, while the reduction of the hardness when the normalization temperature is raised from 1100 to 1200° is due to the appearance of austenite. The presence of a substantial amount of austenite also explains the low hardness of the cast iron in the cast condition as compared with the hardness after normalization at 1000–1100°. The high hardness of the cast iron normalized at 1000–1100° may be due partially to the precipitation of secondary carbides.
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