Phase Composition and Structure of Titanium Carbide/Nickel Binder Synthesis Products

Abstract

We have studied the phase composition and structure of titanium carbide with a nickel binder prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in a cocurrent inert or reactive gas stream using granulated mixtures containing different grades of titanium. The results demonstrate that, unlike in the case of powder mixtures with a loose bulk density, the products of combustion of a granulated Ti + C + 25% Ni mixture in flowing nitrogen or without it retain their structure and granule size and can readily be ground into powder. In the case of the powder mixture both in a flowing gas and without it and in the case of the granulated mixture in flowing argon, the combustion products have the form of unbreakable sinter cakes, independent of the grade of titanium. Microstructural analysis of the combustion products points to spontaneous dispersion of the titanium particles surrounded by the nickel binder, independent of the starting mixture (granules or powder with a loose bulk density). Moreover, the phase composition of the synthesis products depends on the size and morphology of the titanium particles. In the case of PTM titanium, the final synthesis product consists of titanium carbide and nickel phases. After the combustion of mixtures based on PTM-1 titanium powder or a 50% PTM + 50% PTM-1 mixture, the final product consists of TiC, Ni, and TixNiy intermetallic phases. Synthesis in flowing nitrogen has been shown to change the phase composition of the combustion products of the mixtures based on PTM-1 titanium powder and a 50% PTM + 50% PTM-1 mixture, causing the intermetallic phases to disappear. To account for the combustion behavior of the mixtures, we have proposed a two-step mechanism of interaction in the Ti + C + 25% Ni system.